Jazz, while known for being born into the arms of African American culture, is a musical movement that represents the integration of other styles and cultures. It was born in the late 19th century and developed in the early 20th century in one of the most xenophobic and racist eras in America.
For this reason, jazz shows values ​​such as tolerance, unity, peace, mutual understanding, integration and intercultural dialogue.

In this article we are going to talk about an aspect of jazz music, perhaps not very well known. It is about the important relationship that existed between this music and marijuana.
The history of marijuana is closely related to the history of music, as well as many other arts.
They used euphemisms to refer to this substance. Cab Halloway was one of the first with the song titled "Refer man". Most of the public would have no idea what he was talking about. "Reefer", "gauge", "jive" and "weed" were some of the slang words jazz greats used when singing about cannabis. This terms would become some of the popular slang still in use today.

Not only were jazz musicians smoking it, but everybody knew that it gave them a leg up. When you got high on cannabis, the music slowed down a little bit and you can flow improvisationally.
Fats Wallace, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and many referent and great jazz musicians were speaking on the plant because the plant was something that was a way of helping them find their groove, mind and to create some of the most classic music that was ever created .
Jazz music was the new music of the 20th century and Louis Armstrong is its parent. He is the most important seminal figure in the development of jazz and it is known that Louis started smoking weed early on and smoked it every day of his live.

Cannabis began to be persecuted and prohibited because its use was mainly related to two racial groups: Black people and Mexicans. With false scientific reports, propaganda and racism, the government turned public opinion against this substance. Marijuana was made illegal partially because of the jazz scene. It was trying to prevent people from going to jazz clubs because it put black people and white people together, in particular black men and white women.

Then, this movement, culture and way to live and create the music, spreaded to other movements like the beat generation, the hippie movement... Later the relationship between music and marijuana persisted through Reggae music or HipHop. Nowadays, the issue of the weed goes mainstream because there a lot efforts to legalize it and make business but the racial disparity continue until today.

By Fernando Iturria

A long time ago journalists could do their job without any fear but nowadays the situation of the freedom expression in Mexico is being each day more difficult and the mission of journalism is too difficult to be able to do. By this reason Mexico is the country all over the world with more killings without being in war.
To avoid the death self-censorship is the tool that journalist use to hide the truth and prevent a confrontation with the principal mexican cartels. Each news or each reportage about the different ways to transport drugs or payments to police or governments it could be the end for their families or themselves. Whit other words, in the last 20 years more than 100 journalists had suffer threat by cartels, obviously with abductions or even with died. According to Dulcina, local Mexican informer: “We see natural to receive threats by narcos” and she adds: “Unfortunaletely this means that we do a good job”. In statements to the eldiario.es Spanish newspaper.
 
The narcoculture
The narcoculture is a trouble that exists in Latinoamerica not only by drug trafficking but also for the film, music, tv shows and documentaries pruductions that spread the style life of narcos, their language, accessories or their vestment. For example, “Fashion-Chapo”, when the series was released in 2016 it was produced a lot of selling about “El Chapo” or the same in Colombia with Pablo Escobar.
This is a great example of producing series about drug trafficking it could be interpreting by young people as a good life style where earning much money, to buy big houses, to have respect or having pretty girls in countries like Mexico that the major part of the citizens lives under poorness.
 
How many journalists have been killed the last ten years?

Since 2000, 144 journalist have been killed in Mexico according to National Commission of Human Rights of Mexico. Only Afganistan and Siria have registered more journalist deaths than Mexico.
The Mexican President, Andrés Manuel López Obrador claimed that the government is going to finish with these killings. However, five journalists have been killed since he was elected as president. A lot of they are supervised by a governmental program to protect journalists in risk. One of these people was Rafael Murúa who was killed in January. His body was found in a road 24 hours after his family alerted the police. Murúa was stabbed and shoted in the head.
 
What are the most dangerous cartels of Mexico and witch areas?

Sinaloa´s cartel
This is de most powerfull and dangerous cartel. They work in 17/30 mexican states and the leader is “El Chapo Guzman” who took over in 2008 and with he, Mexico has seen the worst violent acts of the organization. For example, he shoted, killed, blowed up cars and also sequestered soldiers and threatened their families.

Jalisco´s cartel
This organization borned of an old cartel. It was established in Jalisco and they work in 22 states. This group is famous for their fights with other cartel named, Los Zetas. In 2011, they were attributed 35 people killed in Veracruz and seven years after, Jalisco´s cartel killed 3 students because they thought that were rivals.

Gulf´s cartel
It is one of the oldest mexican cartels because they began to operate in the 80's with Juan Garcia Ábrego who made grow up it until to be an organization with thousands of thousands dollars. Gulf’s cartel is knowed by their skills to buy the mexican Government but when some of associates were arrested, they began to sink.

Los Zetas
Gulf`s cartel paid soldiers to join them and this cartel nowadays are Los Zetas. This group use their military experience to attack their enemies.

The censorship is the practice whereby the censor modifies a topic by politic, ideological and moral reasons. In the wide meaning, this action is used in the content that it could be considered offensive or inconvenient for a government or media. On the one hand, we can find the different ways that the government has to censure. First of all, the previous censorship. Obviously it is mean that the expression or material are not going to be published and diffused to be knowed by citizens. On the other hand, exist post censorship. This happens when people that is in charge of taking this decision ban after the information or creation has been published. However, there are multiple kinds of censorship and not all of censorship is directed to ban freedom to speak or write. For example, the moral censorship that avoid the diffusion of any pornographic material that it could be seen by children.
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​The question that all around the world we make us in XXI century is: “Why nowadays exist the censorship?” The word has developed and like democrats we cannot understand why. Currently we can find all over the word dictatorial and semidictatorial regimes. Now the 28% of the global population is governed under a dictatorship, the major part in Asia. The dictatorship with most international repercussion are China, Venezuela, Cuba o Saudi Arabia when the different kinds freedom of expression against the government are punished with the jail or including through the die. Nevertheless, there are regimes that are hiding under a democratic veil. These countries keep narrow relationships with democratic countries by economic benefits. The most striking case is Rusia, where Putin is one of the most relevant president inside the international sphere and his decisions has much value between USA and Europe. According to the organization Reporters sans on the African continent; Ethiopia and The Gambia rise 40 and 30 seats respectively, significant progress to improve press freedom. While Venezuela, Russia, China, Vietnam or North Korea continue to occupy the last places on the list.

Self-censorship
 
But most dangerous than censorship is the self-censorship. This kind of censure eliminate the creativity, productivity and the imagination. When we decide don’t publish certain information we do it because of our values but in many situations, it happens by external factors. One of these factors are the fear to receive death threats. Many times journalist decide to be in silence and not show information that could compromise important people. These means that silence is the principal tool of self-censorship.
 
The journalism role versus censorship
Since the beginnings of the modern age the journalism has been considered like “Fourth Estate”. It was called as “Fourth Estate” because of its fundamental role at democracies and governments. Its origin comes from a play on words to revindicate the position of media between the powers like the executive, judicial and legislative.
Nowadays the media’s role is being questioned by citizens because there are facilities to create fake news though social media or digital media without any quality control. Now, the fake news are in fashion and people don’t know to distinguish between a real new or a fake. Therefore, the media’s role is losing credibility. But the creation of digital media based on investigative journalism is exposing corruption cases with massive that it induces mobilizations against politicians and businessmen/women.
 

​Γράφει η ψυχολόγος Σοφία Κυριάκογλου
 
Όλοι ξέρουμε πώς να φροντίζουμε και να διατηρούμε τη σωματική μας υγεία, τι πρέπει να κάνουμε όταν πέφτουμε κάτω και χτυπάμε το πόδι μας, όταν αρρωσταίνουμε και έχουμε πυρετό, τι γνωρίζουμε όμως για την φροντίδα και διατήρηση της ψυχικής μας υγείας;
Η ψυχική υγεία δεν είναι λιγότερο σημαντική από την σωματική, είναι εξίσου σημαντική και συνδέεται άμεσα με την σωματική μας κατάσταση.
Ένα ενδιαφέρον βίντεο για τη σημαντικότητα της ψυχικής υγιεινής και για τη συνειδητοποίηση του πόσο άδικα φερόμαστε στον ίδιο μας τον εαυτό όταν βιώνει ψυχικό πόνο, αποτυχία, στενοχώρια και απόρριψη, τη στιγμή που θα έπρεπε να του παρέχουμε υποστήριξη, αγάπη και φροντίδα.
Τι μπορούμε να κάνουμε για να αλλάξει αυτό;
Όταν βιώνεις ψυχικό πόνο μίλα στον εαυτό σου όπως θα μιλούσες σε ένα φίλο που αγαπάς. Φρόντισε τον εαυτό σου, κάνε κάτι που σε ευχαριστεί και σε κάνει να νιώθεις καλά. Μίλα με ένα φίλο που ξέρεις ότι θα σε ακούσει και θα είναι εκεί για σένα. Σταμάτα να σε κατηγορείς και να σε πληγώνεις περισσότερο. Όταν αισθάνεσαι μόνος δράσε. Άλλαξε τον τρόπο που αντιδράς στην αποτυχία. Προστάτευσε την αυτο-εκτίμηση σου. Διαχειρίσου πιο λειτουργικά τις αρνητικές σκέψεις. 
Ας φροντίσουμε την ψυχική μας υγεία, τα συναισθήματα μας, το μυαλό μας με τον ίδιο τρόπο που φροντίζουμε το σώμα μας. 

I know how you could feel at this moment. Four walls that you see twenty-four hours, seven days per week. You only can go to street to buy some food or if you are lucky and have a pet you can go to give a little walk. Don’t worry, I’m like you but I try to spend the time to doing some things that before it had been impossible to do it. Here you have some advices to help you in this moment. It works for me.
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First of all, and the most important thing that you should have it is an agenda. Every morning when I finish my breakfast, I clean the plates, and I sit down to write my daily tasks. I try to write down in priority order the different tasks. Therefore, first I check If I have to do Praxis’s tasks and before I think about that I want to do today. For example, learn greek or english, to do marketing online courses or practice with design programs doing banners, vectorial portrait or posters, also my friend gives me french online lessons. You can see that I don't stop. When the lunch hour arrives, it is my moment to take a break and sometimes like good Spanish I take a nap.

My quarantine it’s not only learning and do tasks, but also, I watch series or a good film and every day I do some sport. This is due to I have a whatsapp fitness group with my friends and every day my friend posts a new challenge. We compete to do the best time. It is a good motivation.

So you shouldn’t despair if the quarantine is prolonged two or three weeks more. We should be positives and try to enjoy this film that always you wanted to watch or the book that your friend recommends you. This situation should help us to realize the importance of medics, know us, learn of each the mistakes and think about each moment before coronavirus with our family, girlfriend or boyfriends and friends.